{"id":38,"date":"2022-04-01T20:28:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T20:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/?page_id=38"},"modified":"2022-06-23T18:17:26","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T18:17:26","slug":"chemistry-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/","title":{"rendered":"The  effectiveness of catalytic converters to address air pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PRI_214915481-2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-79\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PRI_214915481-2.webp 800w, https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PRI_214915481-2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/PRI_214915481-2-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Elcova, Lana.&nbsp;<em>Cars in a Traffic Jam<\/em>. <em>https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2301327-thousands-of-lives-being-saved-as-us-moves-to-less-polluting-vehicles\/. Accessed 2 Apr 2022.&nbsp;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-normal-font-size\">         The catalytic convertor is a key component of every gas powered vehicle\u2019s exhaust system. Located between the engine manifold and the muffler, the catalytic converter is responsible for cleaning harmful pollutants from vehicle emissions. Without the catalytic converter, toxic byproducts of combustion such as carbon monoxide (CO) would spew directly into the environment unchecked. A catalytic converter can remove up to 98% of pollutants from exhaust fumes (Brownell). There are approximately 18 million passenger cars in Canada, accounting for 51% of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions (\u201cAir pollution from cars, trucks, vans and SUVs\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"alignfull has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">How does it work?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignwide is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Are Catalytic Converters | Environment | Chemistry | FuseSchool\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DAd_IrXiYCU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>     <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/catalytic-converter_embed7b902b2c-4c89-48c9-a60a-c299a960d041.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-81\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/catalytic-converter_embed7b902b2c-4c89-48c9-a60a-c299a960d041.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/catalytic-converter_embed7b902b2c-4c89-48c9-a60a-c299a960d041-300x129.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption>\u201cInput\/Output Emissions.\u201d&nbsp;<em>WHAT IS A CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND WHAT DOES IT DO?<\/em>, Universal Technical Institute , https:\/\/www.uti.edu\/blog\/automotive\/catalytic-converter. Accessed 2 Apr 2022.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-primary-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">      The major pollutants emitted by vehicles include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide may not directly contribute to climate change, but it has the ability to \u201creact with other air pollutants\u201d (\u201cCarbon monoxide\u201d). These reactions can produce harmful <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lung.org\/clean-air\/outdoors\/what-makes-air-unhealthy\/ozone\">ozone<\/a>. The major problem with CO emissions is its extreme negative effects on human\/animal health and other living organisms. Carbon monoxide prevents the body from delivering oxygen to its organs. If someone is exposed to carbon monoxide long term, it can cause fatigue, dizziness, confusion and headaches (\u201cCarbon Monoxide &amp; Health\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/graph-3.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-106\" width=\"439\" height=\"404\"\/><figcaption>\u201cClimate Change Publication.\u201d <em>Environment Canada &#8211; Climate Change &#8211; Climate Change Publication<\/em>, https:\/\/www.ec.gc.ca\/doc\/publications\/cc\/COM1374\/ec-com1374-en-es.htm. Accessed 22 June 2022.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">In order to convert carbon monoxide into less harmful gases, one of the chemical reaction that occurs within the catalytic converter is <strong>2CO + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong> (Rose and Boodram). This is a synthesis reaction where oxygen is added to carbon monoxide, to create carbon dioxide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">After the conversion process,\u00a0 CO2 is the end product released into the environment. Carbon dioxide is the better outcome than carbon monoxide being released into the atmosphere, but is carbon dioxide completely harmless? Carbon dioxide is the main component of greenhouse gas emissions, more than methane and nitrous oxide combined (\u201cOverview of Greenhouse Gases\u201d). Greenhouse gases are a major contributor to global warming. So although catalytic converters have reduced toxic emissions from gas powered vehicles the CO2 end product has a negative effect on the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/overview-greenhouse-gases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">For more information on Greenhouse gases<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The catalytic convertor is a key component of every gas powered vehicle\u2019s exhaust system. Located between the engine manifold and the muffler, the catalytic converter is responsible for cleaning harmful pollutants from vehicle emissions. Without the catalytic converter, toxic byproducts of combustion such as carbon monoxide (CO) would spew directly into the environment unchecked. A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-38","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107,"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions\/107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maeveevans.me\/chem\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}